The microbiome is a complex ecosystem within the gut that plays a key role in many bodily functions. When the balance of these microbes becomes disrupted, the condition is referred to as microbiome dysbiosis, which can have far-reaching effects on overall health.
Symptoms
Bloating, frequent digestive issues, and skin conditions are just a few of the symptoms that may indicate dysbiosis. Fatigue, chronic stress, and even weight gain can also be signs that the microbiome is out of balance. According to a 2020 study published in the Journal of Clinical Medicine, around 70% of patients with chronic digestive disorders are affected by dysbiosis. This imbalance can also increase the risk of other conditions, such as depression and diabetes.
Causes
A microbiome dysbiosis can be triggered by several factors. An unhealthy diet high in sugar, trans fats, and refined carbohydrates promotes the growth of harmful bacteria in the gut while preventing beneficial bacteria from multiplying. Insufficient fiber intake can also negatively affect the microbiome, as fiber serves as food for the beneficial microbes. Stress has a significant impact as well, since it can increase inflammation throughout the body. Other contributing factors include the use of medications especially antibiotics and environmental influences such as pollution.
How many bacteria does our gut contain?
Our gut is home to around 100 trillion bacteria, representing more than 1,000 different species. Among the most important are Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Firmicutes. These and other microbes play a vital role in digestion, immune function, and even in the production of neurotransmitters such as serotonin. Interestingly, about 90% of the serotonin produced in the body is synthesized in the gut. This “happiness hormone” influences not only our mood but also our overall well-being and mental health. Therefore, an imbalance in the microbiome can lead not only to digestive issues but also to emotional fluctuations, as communication between the gut and the brain takes place through the so-called gut-brain axis.
Diagnosis
A microbiome test can help identify the exact cause of dysbiosis by analyzing the composition of the bacterial flora in the gut. In some cases, a SIBO breath test may also be useful to detect bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine. Recent studies, including a 2021 investigation conducted by Stanford University, have shown that such tests can help detect specific bacterial imbalances early on and allow for more targeted treatment approaches.
Therapy
Treating microbiome dysbiosis requires significant dietary adjustments. The use of probiotics, prebiotics, and natural remedies such as oregano oil can help restore balance to the gut flora. It is important, however, to carefully adjust the dosage of probiotics and prebiotics, as excessively high doses may be counterproductive in the presence of dysbiosis.
Prebiotics may need to be avoided in the early stages of treatment, since they can stimulate the growth of unwanted bacteria, leading to bloating and discomfort. This happens because prebiotics are fibers or specific types of sugars that serve as food for beneficial gut bacteria. In cases of dysbiosis, however, they can also feed harmful bacteria, causing excessive fermentation and gas production.
Butyrate supports the regeneration of the intestinal lining and helps strengthen the gut barrier, but here too, the right dosage is essential to avoid overburdening the digestive system and to achieve optimal results.
